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甘肃新生代气候环境变化与哺乳动物群演替

, PP. 597-607

Keywords: 甘肃省,新生代,气候环境变化,哺乳动物

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Abstract:

甘肃省境内新生代沉积中富含动物化石,以早渐新世晚期、晚渐新世、早中新世早期、中中新世晚期、晩中新世、早更新世和晚更新世的哺乳动物化石最为丰富。新生代青藏高原形成、快速隆升,改变了东亚的大气环流和中国的地理格局,使甘肃的气候和地理面貌发生了巨变。甘肃省境内的哺乳动物群在这些变化背景下发生了一次次的更替。本文通过对不同时代的动物群所代表的生态特征分析和结合沉积物佐证,推测了甘肃新生代的气候环境演变过程:古新世-早渐新世早期,海拔不高,气候炎热干燥,呈沙漠或干旱的荒漠环境;早渐新世晚期-早中新世早期为半干旱半暖湿气候下的森林环境,间有开阔的草原地带;中中新世晚期森林更加茂密,水体丰富,冬季风开始逐渐形成并不断发展;晩中新世为炎热半干旱的稀树草原环境,古冬季风盛行;上新世时变得越来越干冷;第四纪开始,青藏高原的抬升活动愈发剧烈,甘肃的海拔高度越来越高,从早期的干冷到中间的短期暖湿反复变化,生物和地貌也随之巨变,适应干冷气候和荒漠草原环境的哺乳动物兴起。晚更新世时甘肃北部以干燥寒冷的草原为主,夹有大面积森林草原或荒漠草原,但此期间气候有波动,出现过温湿气候;南部有茂密的森林,气候暖湿。晚更新世末,气候环境、地理和生物面貌已与现代相似。

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