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中国新近纪植被和环境研究中的几个问题讨论

, PP. 589-596

Keywords: 可能误差,植被与环境重建,新近纪,中国

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Abstract:

探索新近纪植被和环境的发展规律,是了解当今地球生物多样性和环境的形成过程、预测今后可能变化趋势的重要途径,已成为当今学术界研究的一个热点。鉴于中国新近纪植被和环境演化的错综复杂性,为使相关研究工作的开展真实有效,特提出下列几个问题进行讨论,以期引起大家的重视:1)资料的不均衡性。现有的有关中国新近纪古植物资料因研究时期、产地和化石类型的不同,存在着很大的不均衡性,如一些源于油田的孢粉资料,大多是以孢粉组合的形式陈述,孢粉组合所涵盖的地层往往很厚,其精度远比以样品为单元的资料为低。2)地质年代的精确对比。中国陆相地层年代的确定以往主要参照化石证据,其中孢粉为重要证据之一。鉴于新近纪植被分异的增大,大区域间的孢粉对比存在着较大的风险,工作中需要更多地运用其他证据,如古地磁等。3)大植物与孢粉资料运用的利弊。用综合化石证据来恢复古植被,需要根据不同化石的保存特性区别对待,如孢粉的产出层位一般比较连续,但更多地代表区域性植被面貌;而大植物的分布层位比较局限,主要反映本地植物的情况。此外,由于保存的缘故,草本植物的花粉比大植物更容易被保存。4)定量方法的运用。对原始资料需要建立一个严格的取舍标准,以去除因资料的不均衡所引起的误差。对孢粉和大植物资料要区别对待,因孢粉组分的百分含量对决定植被的类型至关重要。

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