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西安蓝田杨家湾黄土中第一层古土壤S1元素含量与环境

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2011.03.15, PP. 514-521

Keywords: S1古土壤,化学元素,风化等级,黄棕壤,亚热带气候,西安蓝田

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Abstract:

研究地区处在关中平原的中南部,蓝田杨家湾剖面距西安市东约50km。在第一层古土壤(S1)剖面中以10cm间隔采样,共采集样品41个。利用X-荧光元素分析仪进行了元素分析,根据野外观测确定了Fe2O和CaCO的迁移深度、风化淋滤黄土的分层及厚度。野外观察识别出了S1古土壤粘化层之下发育了深部风化黄土层,当时风化淋滤深度比现今大约2m;该层土壤剖面可分为粘化层(t)、含红色铁质粘粒胶膜的风化黄土层(Cs)、不含红色铁质粘粒胶膜的风化黄土层(Cl)和CaCO结核淀积层(Ck),剖面构成为t-Cs-Cl-Ck型。实验结果表明,S1粘化层中SiO2,Al2O和Fe2O平均含量分别为63.97%,15.33%和6.03%,比下部的风化淋滤黄土层高,显示有一定的富集。S1古土壤的CIA平均值为69.25,表明S1古土壤的风化程度中等,红色铁质粘粒胶膜的明显迁移指示当时达到了酸性风化阶段。蓝田杨家湾S1土壤剖面中Fe2O和CaCO的分布特征及风化黄土层的发育指示该层土壤为亚热带黄棕壤,属于酸性淋溶土壤,当时该区为亚热带气候,年均降水量和年均温度比现今明显高。S1古土壤发育时东亚夏季风活动显著增强,并能够较频繁越过秦岭山脉,给该地区带来了丰富的降水。

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