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末次冰期以来格尔木河填充-切割及驱动机制初探

, PP. 347-359

Keywords: 青藏高原,格尔木河水系,河流阶地,气候变化,构造运动,填充-切割

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Abstract:

格尔木河水系是位于青藏高原东北部的一个较大的内陆水系,它发源于东昆仑山主脊,由南向北流经于昆仑山间,最终流入柴达木盆地中的达布逊盐湖。格尔木河水系河谷地貌和沉积,尤其是晚第四纪以来发育的阶地系列是本区构造运动和气候变化信息的良好载体,对研究青藏高原的环境演化具有重要意义。通过对格尔木河水系小干沟、纳赤台和三岔河等典型河段的阶地序列进行野外观测和采样,应用光释光(OSL)和14C等方法对阶地进行年代学研究。根据河流阶地的形成时代,结合气候、构造和地貌演化特征,将格尔木河水系末次冰期以来地貌演化过程划分为82~16ka的三岔河填充期和16ka至今的格尔木河切割期两个阶段。晚更新世中后期构造相对稳定,奠定了三岔河组堆积的基础,而同时冰川作用加强,降水增多也促进了堆积作用,其中38~36ka期间堆积速率最大,反映了MIS3阶段强烈的剥蚀作用。格尔木河切割期主要由构造抬升驱动,期间又存在4次阶段性下切,时代分别为16~13ka,13~11ka,11~5ka和5ka至今,形成4级阶地。切割速率先逐渐增大,进入全新世后迅速降低,反映了区域构造抬升先增强后减弱的变化过程。

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