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南海沉积物中蒙脱石的成因探讨

, PP. 199-206

Keywords: 蒙脱石,粘土矿物,洋流搬运,晚第四纪,南海

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Abstract:

南海粘土沉积学的以往研究都认为粘土矿物主要是陆源碎屑提供,包括蒙脱石在内的粘土矿物都是在周边流域经风化作用形成后输入到南海,再经不同洋流的搬运作用而发生沉积,忽略粘土矿物在海底的自生成岩作用及海底火山物质原地风化作用的影响。然而,南海表层及晚第四纪沉积物中蒙脱石含量过高(达到30%~40%以上),似乎同周边流域沉积物的供给能力相矛盾。研究认为,南海蒙脱石有两种最可能的潜在来源或成因:1)主要是陆源碎屑提供,粘土矿物被输入到海洋环境后发生的差异沉降和分选作用可能大幅度提高蒙脱石的相对含量;2)海底火山物质的原地化学风化作用,基性火山喷发物质容易在海水作用下原地风化成自生蒙脱石。文章建议在南海粘土沉积学的未来研究中,加强调查粘土矿物的差异沉降和分选作用以及火山灰的原地风化作用,在理论和机制上研究南海蒙脱石的成因。

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