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全新世呼伦湖区植被和气候变化的孢粉记录

, PP. 1105-1115

Keywords: 呼伦湖,HL06岩芯,孢粉,植被,降水,气温,东亚季风,全新世

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Abstract:

文章详细分析了内蒙古呼伦湖HL06岩芯沉积的孢粉组合,基于AMS\{14C\}年代标尺,恢复了全新世湖区植被演变过程;并根据我国北方和蒙古表土孢粉数据和气象资料,建立了孢粉-气候参数转换函数,定量重建了呼伦湖区降水和气温的变化历史。结果表明,11000~8000aB.P.,湖区植被以蒿、藜占优,为干草原景观,气候暖干;8000~6400aB.P.,湖区禾本植物扩张,山地桦林发育,降水显著增加,气温逐渐降低;6400~4400aB.P.,湖区旱生草本植物增加,降水减少,气温继续下降;4400~3350aB.P.,耐旱藜科植物大量生长,湖区荒漠化,气候极端干旱;3350~2050aB.P.,湖区草原植被有所恢复,降水略有增加,气温有所回升;2050~1000aB.P.,湖区蒿属植物减少,山地松林发育,气温降至全新世最低;最近1000年,藜科、禾本科等伴人植物大量出现,反映出人类活动对湖区自然环境的影响。全新世呼伦湖区气温变化在轨道尺度上受控于北半球太阳辐射量的变化,而在亚轨道尺度上可能与东亚夏季风强度有关。距今8000年前湖区降水较弱可能因为早全新世北半球高纬残存冰盖抑制了东亚季风雨带的北上,季风降水的千年-百年尺度波动与热带西太平洋海气相互作用密切相关。

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