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我国寒区径流对气候变暖的响应

Keywords: 径流,气候变化,响应,冰冻圈

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Abstract:

文章总结了近期我国冰冻圈变化对水文过程影响研究的主要成果。研究表明,过去50年全球变暖已经对我国主要寒区河流径流产生了影响。实测资料和模拟结果均表明气候变暖导致冰川径流的显著增加,但未来气候变暖导致的冰川径流峰值大小和出现时间取决于冰川规模和升温速率。同时冰川融化加剧已经导致青藏高原冰川补给湖泊面积扩大、水位上升,随着气温的变暖,冰川减薄后退、冰川融水增多、冰湖库容增加,结果是洪水总量在不断增大,洪水频率也在不断增加;气候变暖已经导致融雪径流过程提前,改变了径流的年内分配;冻土退化使径流年内过程趋于平缓,主要是由于随着冻土退化,冻土的隔水作用减小,一方面使冻土区地表径流减少,有更多的地表水入渗变成地下水,使流域地下水水库的储水量加大,导致冬季径流增加;另一方面,入渗区域的加大和活动层的加厚,使流域地下水库库容增加,使流域退水过程更为缓慢。

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