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黄土高原MIS3时期蜗牛化石记录的温湿气候及其成因机制探讨

, PP. 154-161

Keywords: MIS3,蜗牛化石,西峰和洛川黄土剖面,太阳辐射梯度

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Abstract:

通过对黄土高原西峰和洛川黄土剖面末次冰期较高分辨率的蜗牛化石组合研究发现,深海氧同位素第3期(MIS3)(59~29kaB.P.)黄土高原的气候变化可分为3个阶段:MIS3c时期,气候总体相对温暖湿润,但暖湿程度远不及全新世时期,这一阶段出现两次比较温湿的气候波动,西峰最温湿的时期发生在约48~46kaB.P.,其次在约54kaB.P.,洛川较温湿的时期出现在约57kaB.P.;MIS3b时期,西峰气候比较寒冷,但具有一定的湿度,洛川总体上气候比较冷湿,但较之于西峰无论是温度还是湿度都要高一些;MIS3a时期,西峰的气候从温凉变得冷干,洛川出现频繁的气候波动。研究认为黄土高原MIS3c时期较温湿气候状况可能是受控于这一时期地轴倾角控制的太阳辐射梯度的变化,地轴倾角增大,中纬度夏季太阳辐射强度高于低纬度的辐射强度,使得中低纬度之间夏季太阳辐射梯度增加,低纬度海洋向中纬度大陆传输的热量和湿度增加,夏季风加强,从而改善了黄土高原的温湿度状况,喜暖湿的蜗牛种类得以在冰期的环境中生长发育。蜗牛化石的研究结果显示MIS3时期黄土高原不同地区存在明显的区域性差异,与现今气候格局不同的是这一时期黄土高原存在更大的气候环境梯度。

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