全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
大气科学  2002 

用于气候研究的雪盖模型参数化方案敏感性研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2002.04.12

Keywords: 雪盖过程,参数化方案,敏感性试验

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

为了得到一个适用于气候研究简化的季节性雪盖模式最佳方案,必须对雪盖内部的重要物理过程、其与上大气相互作用、相应模型的参数化方案和有关的参数选取以及模型的分层结构进行深入研究.利用作者的雪盖模型(SAST),对其中的一些关键性过程的有关参数化方案(如压实、相变、融化雪水流动及分层方案考虑等)及关键的参数(如雪面反照率、有效热传导系数及持水能力等)进行了分析和敏感性试验,得到若干有意义的结论,为雪盖模式改进提供有用的结论.

References

[1]  Walsh, J.E., W.H. Jasperson and B. Ross, Influence of snow cover and soil moisture on monthly air temperature, Mon. Wea. Rev., 1985, 113, 756~768.
[2]  Wiliams, J., The influences of snow cover on the atmospheric circulation and its role in climate change: a analysis based on results from the NCAR global circulation model, J. Appl. Meteor., 1975, 14, 137~152.
[3]  Barnett, T.P., L. Dumenil, U.Schlese, E. Roeckner and M. Latif, The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variations, J. Atmos. Sci., 1989,46,661~685.
[4]  Cohen, J. and D. Rind, The effect of snow cover on the climate, J. Climate, 1991, 4, 689~706.
[5]  Vernekar, A.D., J. Zhou, and J. Shukla, The effect of Eurasian snow cover on the Indian monsoon, J. Climate,1995, 8, 248~266.
[6]  Sud, Y.C. and D. M. Mocko, Development and evaluation of a new snow-physics model to complement SSiB.Part I: Design and evaluation with ISLSCP initiative I datasets, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 1999, 77(1B), 335~348.
[7]  Anderson, E.A., A point energy and mass balance model of a snow cover, NOAA Technical Report NWS, 19,Office of Hydrology, National Weather Service, Silver Spring, MD, 1976.
[8]  Jordan, R., A one-dimensional Temperature Model for a Snow Cover, CRREL, Special Report, 91-1b, 1991.
[9]  Sun, S.F., J. Jin and Y. K. Xue, A simple snow-atmosphere-soil transfer model, J. Geophys. Res., 1999,104(D16), 19587~19597.
[10]  Lynch-Stieglitz, M, The development and validation of a simple snow model for the GISS GCM, J. Climate,1994, 7, 1842~1855.
[11]  Jin, J.M., X. Gao, Z.-L. Yang, R.C. Bales, S. Sorooshian, R.E. Dickinson, S.F. Sun, and G.X. Wu, Comparative Analyses of physically based snowmelt models for climate simulations, J. Climate, 1999, 12, 2643~2657.
[12]  Sun Shufen and Xue Yongkang, Implementing a new snow scheme in Simplified Simple Biosphere Model, Advances in Atmosphric Sciences, 2001, 18(3), 335~354.
[13]  Loth, B. and H.F. Graf, Snow cover model for global climate simulation, J. Geophys. Res., 1993, 98(D6), 10451~10464,.
[14]  Loth, B. and H.F. Graf, Modeling the snow cover for climate studies, Report No. 190, Max-Planck-Institute fur Meteorologie, 1996, 1~30.
[15]  Gray, D.M. and P.G.Landine, Albedo model for shallow prairie snow covers, Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 1987, 24, 1760~1768.
[16]  Verseghy, D.L., Class a Canadian land surface scheme for GCMS, 1. soil model, International Journal of Climate, 1991, 11, 111~133.
[17]  Siemer, A.H., One dimensional EBM of a snow cover taking into account liquid water transmission, Ber. Inst.Meteorol., Klimatol, Univ. Hannover, 1988, 34, 126.
[18]  Kondo, J. and T. Yamazaki, A prediction model for snowmelt, snow surface temperature and freezing depth using a heat balance method, J. Appl. Meteor., 1990, 29, 375~384.
[19]  Sturm, M., J. Holmgren, M. Konig and K. Morris, The thermal conductivity of seasonal snow, Journal of Glaciology, 1987, 43(No. 143), 26~42.
[20]  Yen, Y.C., Review of thermal properties of snow, ice and sea ice., CRREL Report 81-10, USA Cold Regions and Engineering Laboratory, 1981.
[21]  Loth. B. and H.F. Graf, Modeling the snow cover in climate studies. Part I: Long term integration under different climatic conditions using a multilayered snow-cover model, J. Geophys. Res., 1998, 103(D10), 11313~11327.
[22]  Roeckner, E., K. Arpe, L. Bengtsson, S. Brinkop, L. Domenil, M. Esch, E. Kirk, F. Lunkeit, M. Ponater, B.Rockel, R. Sausen, U. Schlese, S. Schubert and M. Windelband, Simulation of the present-day climate with the ECHMA model: Impact of model physics and resolution, Max-Planket-Institute fur Meteorologie, Report No.93 1992.
[23]  Wagner, A.J., The influence of average snow depth on monthly mean temperature anomaly, Mon. Wea. Rev.,1973, 101,626~636.
[24]  Dewey,K.F., Daily minimun and maximun temperature forecast and the influence of snow cover, Mon. Wea.Rev., 1977, 105, 1594~1598.
[25]  Kukla, G., Climate role of snow cover, in: Sea Level, Ice and Climatic Change, Allison, A. (ed.), International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 131, Washington D.C., 1981, 79~107.
[26]  Hahn, D.G. and J. Shukla, An apparent relation between Eurasian snow cover and India monsoon rainfall, J.Atmos. Sci., 1976, 33, 2461~2462.
[27]  Yeh, T.C., R.T. Wetherald and S. Manabe, A model study of the short-term climate and hydrologic effect of sudden-snow-cover removal, Mon. Wea. Rev., 1983, 111, 1013~1024.
[28]  Slater, A.G, A.J. Pitman and C.E. Desborough, The validation of a snow parameterization designed for use in General Circulation Models, International Journal of Climatology, 1998, 8, 595~617.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133