World Meteorological Organization, Atmospheric ozone, Rep. 16, Global ozone research and monitoring project report, Geneva, 1985, 151～235.
[2]
Holton, J. R. , P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, et al. , Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Rev. Geophys. ,1995, 33, 403～439.
[3]
Bamber, D. J. , P. G. Healey, B. M. Jones, et al. Vertical profilesof tropospheric gases-chemical consequences of stratospheric intrusions, Atmos. Environ. , 1984, 18, 1759～1766.
[4]
Hoskins, B. J. , M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , 1985, 111, 887～946.
[5]
Elbem, H. , J. Kowol, R. Sladkovic et al. , Deep stratospheric intrusions a statistical assessment with model guided analyses, Atmos. Environ. , 1997, 31, 3207～3226.
[6]
Ravetta, F. , G. Ancellet, S. J. Kowol et al. , Ozone, temperature, and wind field measurements in a tropopause fold: comparison with a mesoscale model simulation, Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1999, 127, 2641～2653.
[7]
Wei, M. Y. , A new formulation of the exchange of mass and trace constituents between the stratosphere and the troposphere, J. Atmos. Sci. , 1987, 44, 3079～3086.
[8]
Lamarque, J. F. , and P. G. Hess, Cross-tropopause mass exchange and potential vorticity budget in a simulated tropopause folding. J. Atmos. Sci. , 1994, 51, 2246～2269.
[9]
Spaete, P. , D. R. Johnson, and T. K. Schaack, Stratospheric-tropospheric mass exchange during the Presidents Day storm, Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1994, 122, 424～439.
[10]
Vaughan, G. , J. D. Price, and A. Howells, Transport into the troposphere in a tropopause fold, Quart. J.Roy. Meteor. Soc. , 1994, 120, 1085～1103.
[11]
Wirth, V. , Diabatic heating in an axisymmeteric cut-off cyclone and related stratospheric- tropospheric exchange, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , 1995, 121, 127～147.
[12]
Ebel, A. , H. Elbern, J. Hendricks et al. , Stratosphere-troposphere exchange and its impact on the structure of the lower stratosphere, J. Geomag. Geolecter. , 1996, 48, 135～144.
[13]
Browell, E. et al. , Tropopause fold structure determined from air-borne lidar and in situ measurements, J.Geophys. Res. , 1987, 92, 2112～2120.
[14]
Danielsen, E. F. , Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange based upon radioactivity, ozone, and potential voriticity, J. Atmos. Sci. , 1968, 25, 502～518.
[15]
Hoerling, M. P. , T. K. Schaack, and A. J. Lenzen. , A global analysis of stratospheric-tropospheric exchange during northern winter, Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1993, 121 (1), 162～172.
[16]
Palmen, E, and C. W. Newton, Atmospheric Circulation Systems: Their-Structure and Physical Interpretation, Academic Press, 1969, 1.
[17]
Parker, S. S. , J. T. Hawes, S. J. Coloucci et al. , Climatology of 500 mb cyclones and anticyclones 1950-1985, Mon. Wea. Rev. , 1989, 117, 558～570.
[18]
Price, J. D. , and G. Vaughan. Statistical studies of cut-off-low systems, AnnalesGeophysicae, 1992, 10, 96～102.
