Roden, G. I. , On the North Pacific temperature, salinity, sound velocity fronts, and the relation to the wind and energy flux fields, J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1975, 5, 557~571.
[2]
Cushman-Roisin, B. , Effects of horizontal advection on upper ocean mixing: A case of frontgenesis, J. Phys.Oceanogr. , 1981, 11, 1345~1356.
[3]
Kubokawa, A. , Ventilated thermocline strongly affected by a deep mixed layer: A theory for subtropical countercurrent, J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1999, 29, 1314~1333.
[4]
Cushman-Roisin, B. , On the maintenance of the subtropical front and its associated countercurrent, J. Phys.Oceanogr. , 1984, 14, 1179~1190.
[5]
White, W. B. , K. Hasunuma, and H. Solomon, Large scale season and secular variability of the subtropical front in the western north Pacific from 1954 to 1974, J. Geophys. Res, 1978, 83, 4531~4544.
[6]
Takeuchi, K. , Numerical study of the subtropical front and the subtropical countercurrent, J. Oceanogr. Soc.Japan, 1984, 40, 371~381.
[7]
Suga, T. , K. Hanawa, andY. Toba, Subtropicalmode waterin the 137°E section, J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1989,19, 1605~1618.
[8]
Yoshida, K. , and T. Kidokoro, A subtropical countercurrent in the North Pacific - An eastward flow near the subtropical convergence, J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 1967, 23, 88~91.
[9]
Takeuchi, K. , Numerical study of the seasonal variation of the subtropical front and the subtropical countercurrent, J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1986, 16, 919~926.
[10]
管秉贤,副热带逆流二十年研究概况,黄渤海海洋,1987,5,65~72.
[11]
Kubokawa, A. , and T. Inui, Subtropical countercurrent in an idealized ocean GCM, J. Phys. Oceanogr. ,1999, 29, 1303~1313.
[12]
Uda, M. , and K. Hasunuma, The eastward subtropical countercurrent in the western North Pacific Ocean, J.Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 1969, 25, 201~210.
[13]
Roden, G. I. , Temperature and salinity fronts at the boundaries of the subarctic-subtropical transition zone in the western Pacific, J. Geophys. Res, 1972, 77, 7175~7187.
[14]
Hasunuma, K. , and K. Yoshida, Splitting the subtropical gyre in the western North Pacific, J. Oceanogr. Soc.Japan, 1978, 34, 160~172.
[15]
顾玉荷、孙湘平、许兰英,137°E经向断面上的副热带逆流,海洋学报,1999,21,22~30.
[16]
Qiu, B. , Seasonal eddy field modulation of the North Pacific subtropical countercurrent: TOPEX/Poseidon observations and theory, J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1999, 29, 2471~2486.
[17]
刘秦玉、杨海军、鲍洪彤等,北太平洋副热带逆流的气候特征,大气科学,2000,24,363~371.
[18]
Xie, S. P. , W. T. Liu, Q. Y. Liu, and M. Nonaka, Far-reaching effects of the Hawaiian Islands on the Pacific ocean-atmospheres system, Science, 2001, 292, 2057~2060.
Carton, J. A. , G. Chepurin, X. Cao, and B. S. Giese, A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-1995. Part I: Methodology, J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 2000, 30, 294~309.
[21]
Carton, J. A. , G. Chepurin, and X. Cao, A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-1995. Part Ⅱ:Results, J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 2000, 30, 311~326.
[22]
Qiu, B. , D. A. Koh, C. Lumpkin, and P. Flament, Existence and formation mechanism of the North Hawaiian Ridge Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 1997, 27, 431~444.