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大气科学  2005 

"催化-供给"云降水形成机理的数值模拟研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2005.06.05

Keywords: "催化-供给"云,云粒子形成,降水机制,人工增雨条件

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Abstract:

利用含有详细微物理过程的一维层状云模式模拟,研究了2002年4月5日冷锋降水性层状云云系中"催化-供给"云的微物理结构、降水粒子形成的环节和微物理过程,并从降水形成的环节和云的结构分析人工增雨的条件.结果说明,"催化-供给"云具有显著的分层结构:云内高层是冰晶,下层是雪,接下来是霰和过冷云水组成的冰水混合层,最下方是云中暖区的液水层.作为催化云层的冰水层对降水的贡献约25.5%,冰水混合层为31.3%,液水层为43.1%,亦即供给云对降水的贡献约74.4%.具有"催化-供给"云结构的层状云降水形成的主要环节是:冰晶通过凝华增长转化成雪,雪撞冻过冷云水、收集冰晶和凝华增长转化形成霰,霰靠撞冻过程、收集雪过程长大,从而形成可以降落到云的暖区融化形成雨水的粒子,它对降水的贡献较大.凝华和撞冻增长过程是冰粒子增长的主要物理过程,也是雨水产生的重要过程."催化-供给"云体系是重要的人工增雨条件,云中水汽对雨水形成的贡献与过冷云水几乎相当,与过冷云水一样,水汽也是人工增雨的重要条件.

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