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大气科学  2005 

2003年梅雨期干冷空气的活动及其对梅雨降水的作用

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2005.06.13

Keywords: 江淮流域,暴雨,干冷空气侵入,干侵入作用

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Abstract:

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和卫星云图,分析了2003年梅雨期暴雨过程中干冷空气侵入和演变的特征以及干冷空气侵入对暴雨发生、发展和维持的作用,得到以下结论:梅雨期中高纬度环流的演变和调整与暴雨过程密切相关,亚洲北部阻塞高压的建立和维持,使得500hPa高度上西风锋区南压,导致干冷空气南下,极涡活动的异常偏东和加强有助于冷空气向江淮流域输送,有利于江淮流域暴雨的发展.在江淮流域梅雨期间,干冷空气的活跃与暴雨过程相对应.干冷空气来源于中高纬度和中高层,当它南下或下降到达江淮流域以北或上空时,与北上的暖湿气流交汇,使得暴雨产生和发展.中低层30°N以北的正环流的下沉支是干冷空气的输送"载体";江淮流域以北的对流层中低层的北风对淮河流域对流层的形成和发展起着重要作用,同样,高层北风所产生的高空辐散叠置于低层辐合区之上,有利于江淮流域暴雨的发生发展.而且,干冷空气的侵入有利于干层的形成和维持,干层的存在加强了暴雨过程的对流性不稳定,对暴雨的加强和发展起重要作用.干冷空气侵入是梅雨湿度锋形成和维持的一个重要动力和热力原因.卫星云图上分析发现,干冷空气的侵入轨迹为一条明显的暗区,干冷空气南下侵入到黄河以南后,分为两支,其中一支"干侵入2"从西南方向侵入,与冷锋云系相互作用,对暴雨的发生和发展起着关键的作用,这与Browning等强调的"干侵入"不尽相同.

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