Dickinson R E. Modelling evapotranspiration for three-dimensional global climate models. Geophys Monograph, 1984, 29:58 - 72.
[6]
Dickinson R E, Henderson-Sellers A, Kennedy P J. Biosphereatmosphere transfer scheme version le as coupled to the NCAR community climate model. NCAR Tech Note 387 STR. 1993, 77pp.
[7]
Dickinson R E, Shaikh M, Bryant R, et al. Interactive canopies for a climate model. J Climate, 1998, 11:2823 - 2836.
[8]
Ji J J. A Climate-vegetation interaction model: Simulating physical and biological process at the surface. J Biogeochem , 1995, 22:2063-2068.
[9]
Dai Y-J, Zeng Q-C. A Land Surface Model (IAP94) for Climate Studies, Part Ⅰ: Formulation and Validation in off-line Experiments. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 1997, 14:433 -460.
[10]
Dai Y J, Zeng X B, Dickinson R E, et al. The Common Land Model(CLM). Bull Amer Meteor Soc , 2003, 84: 1013-1023.
[11]
Zeng X-B, Shaikh M, Dai Y-J, and Dickinison R E. Coupling of the common land model to the NCAR community climate model. J Climate, 2002, 15: 1832- 1854.
[12]
Dickinson R E, Wang G-L, Zeng X B, and Zeng Q-C. How does the partitioning of evapotranspiration and runoff between different processes affect the variability and predictability of soil moisture and precipitation? Adv Atmos Sci , 2003, 20: 475- 478.
[13]
Wang A H, Zeng X D, Zeng X B, et al. Dynamics and numerical simulations of hydrological vegetation-soil interaction. Presented at ICCP6-CCP2003, 2003.
[14]
Zeng X D, Shen S S P, Zeng X B, et al. A three-variable ecosystem model and its numerical simulations. Presented at ICCP6-CCP2003,2003.
[15]
Zeng Q-C, Zeng x D, Wang A H, et al. Models and numerical simulations of atmosphere-vegetation-soil interaction and ecosystem dynamics, invited paper, presented at ICCP6-CCP2003, 2003.
[16]
Wang A H, Zeng X B, Shen S S P, et al. Time scales of land surfacehydrology. 2004, submitted to Journal of Hydrometeorology.
[17]
Zeng X D, Shen S S P, Zeng X B, and Dickinison R E. Multiple equilibrium states and the abrupt transitions in a dynamical system of soil water interacting with vegetation. Geophys Res Lett , 2004,31: 5501, doi: 10. 1029/2003 GL 018910.
[18]
Zeng X D, Zeng X B, Shen S S P, et al. The vegetation-soil water interaction within a dynamical ecosystem model of grassland in the semiarid arid areas. 2004, submitted to Tellus.
[19]
Serafini Y V, Sud Y C. The time scale of the soil hydrology using a simple water budget model. J Climate, 1987, 7:581 - 591.
[20]
Delworth T L, Manabe S. The influencee of potential evaporation on the variabilities of simulated soil wetness and climate. J Climate,1988, 1:523-547.
[21]
Vinnikov K Y, Robock A, Speranskaya N A, et al. Scales of temporal and spatial variability of midlatitude soil moisture. J Geophys Res ,1996, 101: 7163-7174.
[22]
Wu W, Geller M, Dickinson R E. The response of soil moisture to long-term variability of precipitation. J Hydrometeor , 2002, 3:604- 613.
[23]
Hasselmann K. Stochastic climate models. Part I, theory. Tellus,1976, 28:473-485.
[24]
Arnold L. Linear and nonlinear diffusion approximation of the slow motion in systems with two time scales. IUTAM Symposium on Novlinear Stochastic Dynamics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, N. Sri Namachchivava, Ed Kluwer, Dordrecht. 2002.
[25]
Manabe S. Climate and the ocean circulation, I: The atmospheric circulation and the hydrology of the earth\\' s surface. Mon Wea Rev , 1969, 97:739-774.
[26]
Yeh T-C, Wetherald R T, Manabe S. The effect of soil moisture on the shortterm climate and hydrology change-a numerical experiment. Mon Wea Rev , 1984, 112:474 - 490.
[27]
Chamey J G. Dynamics of deserts and droughts over the Sahel. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc , 1975, 101:193 - 202.
[28]
Zeng Q-C, Zeng X D. An analytical dynamic model of grass field ecosystem with two variables. Ecological Modelling, 1996, 85:187 -196.