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大气科学  2006 

梅雨期中国东部降水的时空变化及其与大气环流、海温的关系

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.06.13

Keywords: 梅雨期降水,时空变化,环流,海温

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Abstract:

利用1961~2000年中国台站降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及扩展重建海平面温度(ExtendedReconstructedSeaSurfaceTemperatures,ERSST)资料,采用EOF、小波变换、合成及相关方法探讨中国东部梅雨期降水的时空变化及其环流、水汽输送和海温异常特征.分析指出中国东部梅雨期(6月11日~7月10日)降水存在三种主要空间型:江南北部多雨型、长江流域多雨型和江淮平原多雨型.三种降水型都存在多时间尺度特征,由于年际和年代际振荡的周期和强度随时间的变化有不同表现,三种雨型旱涝年出现的年份有所不同.三种雨型对应的东亚夏季风环流各子系统的强度、位置、水汽输送等也存在明显差异.梅雨期三种雨型与冬季海温的研究表明:赤道东太平洋海温偏高有利于出现江南北部降水型;赤道印度洋、南海和西太平洋黑潮海温偏高有利于出现长江流域降水型;北太平洋中纬度海温偏高则有利于出现江淮平原降水型.

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