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大气科学  2006 

近海台风雷达定位方法应用研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.06.06

Keywords: 台风,多普勒雷达,径向速度,客观定位方法

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Abstract:

对于近似轴对称与类似兰金涡旋特性的台风近中心环流而言,其多普勒雷达径向速度场具有相当特殊的偶极型态分布特征.在假设台风环流存在最大风速半径的前提下,利用多普勒雷达径向速度场的这种分布特性和型态识别技术,进行近海台风的雷达定位客观方法的应用研究,并选取两种客观定位方法对台风中心位置进行估计.两种客观方法分别为几何轴对称中心定位法和速度距离方位显示中心定位法,前者直接应用多普勒径向速度场进行定位估计,后者则应用观测的多普勒径向速度场与观测点至雷达中心距离的乘积来估计台风中心位置.利用"兰金"涡旋模式模拟的多普勒雷达径向速度场和实际观测的台风环流的多普勒雷达径向速度场以及台风年鉴资料,对这两种定位方法进行模拟和实际测试的结果表明:模拟测试的定位误差在0.5km以下,最大风速半径的误差在0.12km以下;而实际测试的定位误差在3~13km以内,有些时次甚至在3km以下.因此,对近海台风而言,利用多普勒雷达径向速度场资料进行实时业务定位是可行的,且其定位结果将对台风实时业务预报和警报具有重要的参考价值.

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