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大气科学  2006 

2003年7月3~5日淮河流域大暴雨中尺度对流系统的观测分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.06.05

Keywords: 中尺度对流系统,暴雨,多普勒雷达,双多普勒反演

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Abstract:

2003年淮河流域的大洪水主要是由3次集中的持续性大面积强暴雨过程引起,其中7月3~5日从淮河上游向下游的移动性强降水,使来自上游的洪水与下游暴雨"遭遇",加剧了淮河的洪水水情.作者主要采用探空、卫星和雷达资料,对造成滁州和南京强暴雨的中尺度对流系统的结构和发生背景进行分析.结果表明:低槽的东移造成了雨区从淮河上游向下游东移;降雨前来自中纬度的中层干空气侵入加强了对流层中低层的对流不稳定;7月4~5日的大范围降水主要由α中尺度对流系统的发生、发展引起,但突发的局地强降雨是由较小的β中尺度,甚至γ中尺度系统直接造成;云顶温度低于-52℃的对流区虽然覆盖范围较大,但其下部的雷达强回波带与其并不完全对应,而是位于-52℃云区的中心偏南,强回波的北侧有100~200km宽的云砧;双多普勒雷达反演资料较好地揭示出造成滁州强降雨的是中尺度辐合线及其上的中尺度对流线和对流单体,辐合线随高度向北倾斜.

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