Rossow W B,Lacis A A.Global,seasonal cloud variations from satellite radiance measurements.Part Ⅱ:Cloud properties and radiative effects.J.Climate,1990,3:1204～1253
[2]
Hartmann D L,Ockert-Bell M E,Michelson M L.The effect of cloud type on earth\'s energy balance:Global analysis.J.Climate,1992,5:1281～1304
[3]
Klein S A,Jakob C.Validation and sensitivities of frontal clouds simulated by the ECMWF model.Mon.Wea.Rev.,1999,127:2514～2531
[4]
Webb M,Senior C,Bony S,et al.Combining ERBE and ISCCP data to assess clouds in the Hadley Center,ECMWF and LMD atmospheric climate models.Climate Dyn.,2001,17:905～922
[5]
Rossow W B,Schiffer R A.ISCCP cloud data products.Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,1991:72:2～20
[6]
Rossow W B,Schiffer R A.Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP.Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,1999,80:2261～2287
[7]
http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov
[8]
Norris J R,Weaver C P.Improved techniques for evaluating GCM cloudiness applied to the NCAR CCM3.J.Climate,2001,14:2540～2550
[9]
Tselioudis G,Jakob C.Evaluation of midlatitude cloud properties in a weather and a climate model:Dependence on dynamic regime and spatial resolution.J.Geophys.Res.,2002,107:4781～4793
[10]
Williams K D,Ringer M A,Senior C A.Evaluating the cloud response to climate change and current climate variability.Climate Dyn.,2003,20:705～721
[11]
Weare B C.A comparison of AMIP Ⅱ model cloud layer properties with ISCCP D2 estimates.Climate Dyn.,2004,22:281～292
[12]
Lin W Y,Zhang M H.Evaluation of clouds and their radiative effects simulated by the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model against satellite observations.J.Climate,2004,17:3302～3318
[13]
Li Yunying,Yu Rucong,Xu Youping,et al.AREM simulations of cloud features over eastern China in February 2001.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2005,22:260～270
[14]
宇如聪,徐幼平.AREM及其对2003年汛期降水的模拟.气象学报,2004,62 (6):715～724 Yu Rucong,Xu Youping.AREM and its simulations on the daily rainfall in summer in 2003.Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese),2004,62 (6):715～724
[15]
Doutriaux-Boucher M,Sèze G.Significant changes between the ISCCP C and D cloud climatologies.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1998,25:4193～4196
[16]
Betts A K.A new convective adjustment scheme,Part Ⅰ:Observational and theoretical basis.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,1986,112:677～691
[17]
Xu Youping,Xia Daqing,Qian Yueying.The water-bearing numerical model and its operational forecasting experiments Part Ⅱ:The operational forecasting experiments.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,1998,15:321～336
[18]
Holtslag A A M,Boville B A.Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model.J.Climate,1993,6:1825～1842
[19]
Edwards J M,Slingo A.Studies with a flexible new radiation code.Ⅰ:Choosing a configuration for a large-scale model.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,1996,122:689～719
[20]
Sun Z A,Rikus L.Improved application of exponential sum fitting transmissions to inhomogeneous atmosphere.J.Geophys.Res.,1999,104D:6291～6303
[21]
Dai Yongjiu,Zeng Qingcun.A land surface model (IAP94) for climate studies,Part Ⅰ:Formulation and validation in off-line experiments.Adv.Atmos.Sci.,1997,14:433～460
[22]
Reynolds R W,Rayner N A,Smith T M,et al.An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate.J.Climate,2002,15:1609 ～1625
[23]
Li Yunying,Yu Rucong,Xu Youping,et al.Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of cloud over China based on ISCCP data and surface observations.J.Meteor.Soc.Japan,2004,82:761～773
