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大气科学  2006 

英国CRU高分辨率格点资料揭示的20世纪中国气候变化

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.05.18

Keywords: 中国气候,20世纪,高分辨率,温度,降水

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Abstract:

中国覆盖比较完整的台站观测始于1951年,1951年之前虽然有一些观测记录,但是残缺不全.所以要建立更长的气候序列就要吸收代用资料,但是代用资料可能与气候要素仅有一定程度的相关,不可能一一对应,因此应用代用资料重建的气候序列有一定的不确定性.英国EastAnglia大学的ClimaticResearchUnit(简称CRU)通过整合已有的若干个知名数据库,重建了一套覆盖完整、高分辨率、且无缺测的月平均地表气候要素数据集,时间范围覆盖1901~2003年,空间为0.5°×0.5°经纬网格覆盖所有陆地.这套资料和中国已有的气候数据相比具有如下优点:第一,中国西部20世纪前半期非常缺少观测,CRU资料尽管包含插值带来的误差,经比较仍可作为有一定信度的参考;第二,中国现有的百年温度序列只是年或季分辨率,而CRU资料达到月分辨率;第三,建立这个序列仅使用观测结果,做统计内插,不包括代用资料所带来的不确定性.因此,CRU的序列与用代用资料补充得到的序列在资料方面有较大不同,比较这两个序列,不仅可以进一步确认中国气候变化的特征,也可以彼此校正.结果表明:(1)CRU资料反映的全国年平均温度年际变化和考虑代用资料重建的序列吻合得很好,相关系数达到0.84;(2)区域尺度上,两者在10个典型分区的气温变率也相当一致,相关整体保持在0.8左右,仅新疆西南部和西藏西北部两者差异较大;(3)CRU资料揭示的中国年总降水量在1951~2000年的变化与160站观测吻合,相关系数达到0.93;(4)CRU资料的中国东部四季降水量和重建资料十分一致,秋季一致性最好,相关0.93;(5)CRU资料和重建的序列比较一致地表现出中国温度和降水年代际变化的主要特征,其给出的20世纪20年代中国大旱和20世纪40年代中国高温的空间分布与作者过去的结论相一致.这表明,作者过去重建的中国气候序列有比较大的可靠性,而CRU资料也提供了新的信息,特别是在20世纪前半期和中国西部.

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