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大气科学  2006 

2004年夏季经向型雨带及其与印度洋偶极模异常海温的关系

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.05.08

Keywords: 雨带分布型,印度洋偶极模,异常海温,水汽输送

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Abstract:

针对2004年夏季降水为南北向雨带分布的异常特点,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对可能造成2004年准经向降水分布的海温场、高度场及水汽输送特征进行了分析,并与夏季降水呈纬向分布的2003年进行了比对.分析结果表明,2004年夏季西太平洋副热带高压偏北、偏东,中国大陆中纬度地区东部为异常偏东水汽输送,西部为异常偏西的水汽输送,东、西风在110°E形成南北向交界,有利于形成南北经向型的水汽辐合和降水分布.而在2003年夏季,西太平洋副热带高压偏南、偏西,在长江以南形成稳定的带状副高,有利于雨带长时间稳定在副高北侧的淮河流域,同时中国大陆35°N以南地区为异常偏西水汽输送,以北地区为异常偏东的水汽输送,正、负异常纬向风形成东西向交界,有利于形成东西纬向型的水汽辐合和带状降水分布.对海温状况的分析发现,虽然2003年和2004年太平洋异常海温信号较弱,但印度洋和中国大陆近海海温却有明显的差异,2004年夏季西北太平洋异常海温北高南低,西印度洋海温异常偏冷,赤道热带印度洋海温呈东暖西冷的偶极模负相位特征.而在2003年淮河强降水发生同期,西北太平洋异常海温南高北低,西印度洋海温异常偏暖,赤道热带印度洋海温呈东冷西暖的偶极模正相位特征.因此,印度洋异常海温偶极模的不同相位可能是造成2003、2004年中国夏季降水不同雨带分布型的重要原因.利用中国160个代表站1950~1999的降水资料,进一步分析了印度洋偶极模不同相位异常海温对中国夏季降水的影响,结果发现,印度洋偶极模正相位有利于中国南方降水的西移和北方降水的东进,趋向于形成东西纬向型降水分布;而印度洋偶极模负相位有利于中国南方降水的东退和北方降水的西移,趋向于形成南北经向型降水分布.

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