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大气科学  2006 

冬季北半球平流层季节内振荡与对流层季节内振荡的关系

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.05.03

Keywords: 冬季,平流层,对流层,大气季节内振荡

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Abstract:

通过平流层大气ISO与对流层大气ISO的比较分析,发现在中高纬地区平流层大气ISO与对流层大气ISO有着许多相同点.北半球冬半年平流层大气环流主要低频模态也可认为是北极涛动(AO),其空间分布的主要特征为;高纬度地区与中低纬度地区为反位相变化,北极地区附近具有最大的变化值;其季节内振荡的正位相对应于AO增强,负位相对应于AO减弱.北半球冬半年平流层100hPa和70hPa位势高度场的低频遥相关分析表明,北极地区(概指北纬60°N以北)和北半球其他大部分地区呈负相关,北极涛动扮演了非常重要的角色.同时,北半球冬半年平流层的主要低频波列是从欧亚大陆中部到西北太平洋,并且由纬向型低频波列(欧亚大陆-西伯利亚-太平洋)和经向型低频波列(欧亚大陆-北极-太平洋)共同构成.平流层30hPa和对流层500hPa上经过带通滤波(15~90d)位势高度场的EOF第一主分量的形势有十分类似的特征,它们对应的时间系数序列有显著的延迟相关关系.因此可以认为,北半球平流层大气ISO的变化要先于对流层大气,在滞后35d左右其相关系数达到最大.大气环流模式(SAMIL)的数值模拟试验结果也表明,平流层的低频扰动可以在14d之后便在对流层500hPa上激发出低频响应,其谱峰在30d左右.这进一步表明,通过大气季节内振荡,平流层的异常可以影响到对流层.

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