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大气科学  2008 

南海海温异常影响南海夏季风的数值模拟研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.03.19

Keywords: 南海,海温异常,南海夏季风,数值模拟

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Abstract:

采用p-σ九层区域气候模式(p-σRCM9)模拟并研究了南海海温异常对南海夏季风的影响,数值模拟结果表明,5月份的南海海温对南海夏季风的爆发日期起关键作用:5月份南海海温持续增温(降温),南海夏季风爆发日期偏早(偏晚)。南海夏季风爆发后,南海异常增温,同期的南海夏季风增强,而后期的南海夏季风减弱;南海异常降温,则与之相反。机制分析表明,南海海温正(负)异常增强(减弱)了海面与行星边界层之间的能量交换,主要是潜热通量的输送,并在大气中通过积云对流加热率的变化来影响对流层热量的分布,进而引起对流层中低层辐合和高层辐散的变化,然后使得环流场和风场作出相应地调整,环流场和风场又会反过来影响积云对流加热率的变化,这是一个正反馈过程。在5月份南海增温(降温)强迫下,5月份南海地区的对流活动加强(减弱),使得对流层低层副热带高压提前(延后)撤出南海,从而有利于南海夏季风爆发偏早(晚)。在南海海温异常强迫下,中国东南部和南海地区的降水率异常主要是由积云对流所产生的降水率异常引起。

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