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大气科学  2008 

2003年淮河大水期间亚洲北部阻塞高压的形成特征

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.03.05

Keywords: 淮河大水,阻塞高压,形成机制

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Abstract:

利用观测资料和NCEP再分析资料分析2003年淮河大水期间亚洲北部阻塞高压的形成维持机制,结果表明,2003年淮河梅汛期亚洲中高纬地区阻塞高压的异常活动中,波流作用十分显著。6月上旬,阻高建立前期和维持过程中,上游地区天气尺度波动活跃,欧洲斜压区不断有瞬变动能生成,并在阻塞区向阻高平均流转化。从瞬变涡动的作用来看,上游传播而来的瞬变波不断将较低纬度的低位涡空气向阻塞区输送,有利于阻塞高压的建立维持;平均流则使位涡呈相反形势发展,引导阻塞高压向东频散,削弱了扰动位涡输送的作用,对阻高的维持起到耗散作用。阻高建立前,瞬变涡位涡输送作用强于平均流位涡平流,造成阻塞区位涡降低,有利于阻高生成;阻高维持期间,瞬变涡位涡输送与平均流位涡平流输送量相当;6月25~30日,阻塞高压明显西退,该阶段瞬变涡动明显强于平均耗散作用,引导低位涡场向西移动。研究表明,大气内部的波波作用对阻高的建立维持也十分重要。1波与5波在一定范围内的共同作用可能是阻高建立维持的决定因素,而天气尺度波动扰动则对阻塞高压的建立、维持和崩溃起到重要的作用。波波作用表明,2003年6月份阻塞高压建立、维持时,尺度较长的波一般从平均动能得到扰动动能的转化,尤其5波,斜压能的转换不但是其能量的来源,同时非线性作用也使得尺度更小或更长的波向其提供能量;阻高衰退时,5波则通过非线性作用向其他波动输送能量,同时也存在斜压耗散,能量逐渐失去。

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