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大气科学  2008 

中国土壤湿度的分布与变化I.多种资料间的比较

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.03.15

Keywords: 土壤湿度,空间分布,季节循环,年际变化,资料比较

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Abstract:

土壤湿度是影响气候的重要因子之一,但观测资料的欠缺制约着该领域研究工作的开展。本文汇总了目前国际上运用较为广泛的四套土壤湿度资料:ERA40和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、全球土壤湿度计划资料(GSWP2)、以及NCAR最近完成的利用观测资料强迫“通用陆面模式”CLM所产生的土壤湿度资料。在此基础上,利用中国区域观测的19年(1981~1999年)的土壤湿度和13年(1992~2004年)的土壤相对湿度资料,对四套资料在中国区域的可靠性进行了分析和比较,主要结论如下:四套资料基本揭示出土壤湿度的空间分布,GSWP2揭示了四套资料最多的共性,即东北、华南湿,华北、西北干,土壤湿度基本由西北向东北和东南呈梯度增加的特征;GSWP2较好地描述了土壤湿度的季节循环;ERA40土壤湿度的年际变化与观测相关最好;观测资料和四套资料都表明前期降水会增加土壤湿度,但土壤湿度异常对后期降水的影响则不显著;气温与土壤湿度的关系较复杂,不同的区域有不同的特征。

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