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大气科学  2008 

城市中水体的微气候效应研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.03.12

Keywords: 城市中的水体,微气候效应,数值模式

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Abstract:

应用观测资料分析和数值模拟的方法来研究城市中水体的微气候效应,结果表明,城市中的水体对其周边的小气候有着明显的调节作用。城市中商业区温度最高、湿度最小;交通区次之;水体附近温度最低、湿度最大,平均湿度比商业区高出约10%。水体区的月平均温度日较差比其他功能区明显大。水体区的月平均温度比其他功能区低0.37~1.15℃。水体对环境的影响主要发生在上风岸2km以内和下风岸9km以内,以2.5km以内最为明显。水体的面积和布局是影响小气候效应的重要因素。水体面积越大对环境影响越大,单块的小于0.25km2的水体对环境的影响不明显,但是多块、密集分布的小面积水体会对环境的降温增湿效果更显著。在本文个例中,与其他湖泊邻近的面积为1.25km2的水体,可以使2.5km之内温差达到0.2~1.0℃,水汽比湿增加0.1~0.7g/kg。相对孤立的面积为2km2的水体,可以使1.0km范围内降温幅度0.6℃,水汽比湿增加0.1~0.4g/kg。水体可以使地面风速增加,一般能使风速增加0.1~0.2m/s。

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