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大气科学  2008 

高低层纬向风切变的年际变率及气候学意义

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.03.11

Keywords: 对流层纬向风切变,年际变率,厄尔尼诺－南方涛动,北极涛动,北大西洋涛动

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Abstract:

用1959～1998共40年全球格点风场资料计算了200hPa与850hPa的纬向风速差,即对流层纬向风切变(简称TZWS),并在此基础上得到其距平值。为了全面考察对流层中环流异常的年际变率特征,根据TZWS的标准差分布,文中选出了7个TZWS标准差数值大于5m/s的代表性区域。这7个区域分别位于赤道中太平洋、赤道东太平洋、北太平洋亚热带地区、南太平洋亚热带地区、赤道大西洋、亚洲西南部以及东北部。前5个分别位于赤道、亚热带太平洋和大西洋的区域TZWS指数,其年际变率与ENSO循环有密切联系,反映了热带海洋温度异常对低纬度地区对流层环流的影响;后2个区域的TZWS指数反映的是亚洲西南部和东北部的气候统变率,在年际时间尺度上与ENSO循环有着明显的区别。通过对全球陆地降水和温度场的分析,比较了热带、副热带的TZWS指数以及北极涛动指数的异同,发现后2个区域TZWS指数能很好且能独立反映出北半球中高纬度地区陆地降水及陆地温度的异常模态。

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