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大气科学  2008 

2004/2005年冬季强寒潮事件与大气低频波动关系的研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.02.16

Keywords: 寒潮,10~20天振荡,阻塞脊,低频波动

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Abstract:

2004/2005年冬季中国出现了两次大范围寒潮过程,造成长时期的降温和严寒天气,从而改变了从1986年以来中国大部分地区连续出现18个暖冬的局面。利用2004年10月1日~2005年3月31日中国740站逐日平均温度和NCEP/NCAR的逐日高度场和风场资料,分析了2004/2005冬季的强寒潮事件,并对寒潮爆发的周期、低频波动特征及其影响寒潮爆发的可能原因进行研究。结果表明:2004/2005年冬季两次主要强寒潮事件(12月22日~1月1日和2月14~21日)是在强10~20天低频振荡背景下发生的。在一次季节内低频振荡过程中,寒潮经历了高空形势相似的3个阶段,它们分别是乌拉尔东侧阻塞脊建立、阻塞脊下游横槽发展、横槽转竖与南支槽耦合重建东亚大槽最后导致寒潮爆发。进一步分析表明,乌拉尔东侧阻塞脊和里海高度脊是导致这两次寒潮的主要系统。研究还表明在寒潮爆发过程中,10~20天低频波动在40°N南北独立传播,南北波列耦合寒潮全面爆发;寒潮爆发后期低频波动引起我国东南部低空辐散异常、高空辐合异常,从而导致我国南部地区偏北风增强,使寒潮向南爆发程度和高空东亚急流明显加强。

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