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大气科学  2008 

热带印度洋偶极子的季节性位相锁定可能原因

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.02.01

Keywords: 热带印度洋偶极子,季节性位相锁定,大气基本态

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Abstract:

利用1960年1月~1999年12月Hadley气候预测和研究中心的全球海表温度资料和改进的中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室的第三代海洋环流模式,以及1949年1月~1999年12月NCEP/NCAR月平均海表面大气距平资料,采用资料合成分析和数值试验相结合的方法,研究了热带印度洋偶极子从发展到成熟的特征。海表温度异常的分析结果表明,正、负热带印度洋偶极子的强度和发生强偶极子事件的次数都在北半球秋季达到最强、最多,与季节循环存在位相锁定。偶极子的数值模拟结果与此分析结果一致,表明海洋表面的大气强迫对激发印度洋偶极子有重要作用。对比试验的结果表明,赤道印度洋上空风应力异常是偶极子形成的主要原因。文中还设计了12个敏感性试验研究在相同大气异常强迫下1~12月大气气候基本态对印度洋偶极子的作用,结果发现大气气候态对偶极子的强度有很大影响,其中9月的大气气候态最有利于印度洋偶极子达到最强。这是由赤道东南印度洋地区东南风和海洋之间的正反馈过程决定的,因此大气基本态是偶极子成熟位相锁定在秋季的一个重要原因。

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