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大气科学  2008 

风向变化特征在季风模拟评估中的应用

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2008.01.05

Keywords: 季风,有向转角,风向变化,模式评估

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Abstract:

作者抓住季风风向具有季节性反转这一最本质的特征,引入了“有向转角”的新概念,它与传统盛行风夹角的概念不同,能够反映风向逐日变化的方向性和旋转角度的大小。用欧拉观点揭示了季风风矢量随时间演变的旋转特点,体现了季风风向独具特色的季节演变过程。同时,发现不同地区风向的季节循环有6种基本类型:(I)先顺时针后逆时针旋转、(II)先逆时针后顺时针旋转、(III)完全顺时针旋转、(IV)完全逆时针旋转、(V)风向稳定型和(VI)风向变化不稳定型。且季风风向的季节性反转主要通过前四种旋转方式来实现。分析了这6种风向变化型的全球分布特征,研究了它们与大气环流系统演变的联系。并进一步将“有向转角”概念用于IPCC第四次评估报告AMIP试验8个模式的模拟评估,结果表明,这一概念的引入能从逐日变化的角度凸显风向变化过程,不仅能够客观反映模式模拟季风风向逐日变化的动力过程以及风矢量旋转方式的全球分布,还能体现模式对大气环流系统季节演变的表征能力。研究还发现在这8个模式中,大多数模式基本能把风矢量旋转方式的全球分布形式模拟出来,但对于季风区风矢量旋转方式的模拟还有待于进一步提高。

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