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大气科学  2009 

西北太平洋低频振荡对热带气旋生成的动力作用及其物理机制

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2009.02.01

Keywords: 西北太平洋,MJO活动,热带气旋生成

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Abstract:

利用全球再分析资料以及美国联合台风预报中心的热带气旋(TC)数据,从动力和能量转换方面深入分析了西北太平洋上空30~60天大气低频振荡(MJO)对西北太平洋区域TC生成的调制作用。研究结果表明,当西北太平洋西侧为MJO的西风位相所控制时,MJO通过纬向风的辐合作用使得在辐合区传播的波动发生波数增加,波长减短的结构改变,从而触发较大尺度波动向天气尺度波动的演变;西风位相期间纬向风的纬向辐合与经向切变可以使得低频波动动能向高频波动的转换得到加强,从而使得在此区域TC生成的数量明显偏多。相反,当西北太平洋西侧为MJO的东风位相时,TC生成的数量得到抑制。此外,随着西风位相中西风的加强(东风位相中东风的加强),TC的生成概率将得到增加(减少)。但是,在西北太平洋东侧海域,MJO对TC活动的调制作用要减弱许多。对MJO活动年际变化的研究表明,在西太暖池处于暖状态年时,西北太平洋西侧的MJO活动频繁,西风位相活跃,从而有利于此区域TC的生成,而冷年的情况正好相反。

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