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大气科学  2009 

热带印度洋海温异常不同模态对南海夏季风爆发的可能影响

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2009.02.11

Keywords: 热带印度洋全区一致型海温变化,热带印度洋偶极子,ENSO,南海夏季风

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Abstract:

热带印度洋海温异常两种主要的模态分别是春季最强的全区一致型海温变化和秋季发展成熟的东西反位相偶极型模态,本文主要分析了这两种海温模态对当年南海夏季风爆发的不同影响机制。对热带印度洋全区一致增暖和变冷年份的合成分析表明:热带印度洋的增暖(变冷)通过海气相互作用激发印度洋-西太平洋异常的Walker环流圈,加强(减弱)西太平洋副热带高压的强度,进而有利于南海夏季风爆发的推迟(提早)。由于热带印度洋全区一致型海温变化滞后响应于前冬ENSO事件,因此,作者提出热带印度洋的这种海温模态对维持ENSO对第二年南海夏季风爆发的影响起到了重要的传递作用。作者进一步通过1994年个例研究了热带印度洋偶极型海温模态对南海夏季风爆发的可能影响。1994年的热带印度洋偶极子在初夏就表现出很强的强度,显著削弱了印度洋的夏季风环流,尤其是索马里急流和赤道印度洋西风气流的强度。南海上游季风气流的减弱以及热带印度洋异常反气旋的发展阻碍了印度洋西南季风向南海的推进,从而使得这一年南海夏季风爆发偏晚大约2候。

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