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大气科学  2011 

对流层和平流层温度中ENSO信号的多种资料比较

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.06.03

Keywords: ENSO对流层中层平流层低层温度异常

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Abstract:

本文利用1980~1999年卫星资料MicrowaveSoundingUnit(MSU)和5种再分析资料(ERA40、JRA25、NCEP1、NCEP2、MERRA),分析了北半球冬季全球对流层中层和平流层低层温度变化中的ENSO信号,讨论了ENSO暖冷位相时温度异常的对称性和非对称性,并以MSU卫星资料为标准,评估了各再分析资料描述ENSO信号的准确性。结果表明,在对流层中层,伴随ENSO暖、冷位相的温度异常的对称分量,在东太平洋呈典型的“哑铃型”变暖信号,太平洋—北美遥相关型显著,暖异常中心位于赤道东太平洋和北美洲北部地区,最大值3℃左右;而北太平洋、南亚、南太平洋为冷异常中心,最大值在中国西南部,可达-3.2℃。其非对称分量在北半球中高纬地区较大,冷暖异常可达±1.5℃。在平流层低层,伴随ENSO暖、冷位相出现的温度异常的对称分量,在东太平洋、格陵兰岛及北大西洋为显著冷异常,最大值出现在北大西洋地区,为-7℃左右;在北半球中高纬30°N以北、70°W~70°E之间的地区为较强暖异常,最大值出现在70°N的俄罗斯东北部,为6℃左右。温度异常只在北半球高纬度地区表现出较强的非对称性,最大值可达5.7℃。对比而言,在东太平洋、南太平洋、北太平洋、中国南部地区、格陵兰岛以及北大西洋部分地区,平流层—对流层ENSO信号温度异常反号;北美洲北部对流层—平流层温度变化同号。不同再分析资料的850~300hPa和100~30hPa的平均温度,均能很好地反映对流层中层和平流层低层的ENSO信号特征。

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