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大气科学  2011 

与西澳州西南部冬季降水相联系的大气环流特征分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.05.02

Keywords: 西澳州西南部类季风环流季风厄尔尼诺—南方涛动降水南半球环状模印度洋偶极子

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Abstract:

西澳大利亚州西南部(SWWA)是西澳大利亚州首府Perth的所在地,也是西澳州政治、经济、文化、教育和旅游的中心。自20世纪中期以来,SWWA地区雨季降水持续减少。本文利用近60年的观测及再分析数据,分析了已知的影响澳大利亚降水的热带海洋模态:厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(ENSO)、印度洋偶极子(IOD)和ENSOModoki(EM)对SWWA地区降水的影响,发现它们均不能解释SWWA地区前冬(5~7月)(全文季节均指南半球)和后冬(8~10月)降水的长期变化趋势。特别地澄清了南半球环状模(SAM)对SWWA地区冬季降水的影响,揭示了前人所指出的两者之间的显著关系是由于极端事件造成的。这表明,已知的影响澳大利亚降水的气候模态并不能解释SWWA地区冬季降水的长期变化趋势。通过对SWWA地区降水、大尺度大气环流的动力、热力结构和季节循环特征的分析,发现其表现出类似季风环流的特征,也即干湿季节的交替出现、风向的季节性反转和明显的海陆热力差异。基于此提出了SWWA地区类季风环流(SWAC)的概念,并分析了其与SWWA地区冬季降水之间的关系,指出SWAC环流的减弱是SWWA地区降水减少的可能原因。

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