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大气科学  2011 

基于前春对流层温度和北大西洋涛动的中国夏季降水统计预测模型

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.05.15

Keywords: 对流层温度北大西洋涛动中国夏季降水统计预测模型

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Abstract:

本文在分析中国夏季降水典型模态与前期春季对流层中上层温度主要分布类型、北大西洋涛动(简称NAO)之间关系的基础上,提出基于前春对流层温度和NAO的中国夏季降水统计预测模型,并对利用该模型预报的2004~2009年中国160站夏季降水进行检验。结果表明:中国大范围夏季降水多寡主要与5月NAO变化有关,“南多(少)北少(多)型”降水异常分布主要与5月NAO异常以及前春中国东北、华北地区上空对流层温度的冷异常有关。NAO对中国夏季降水的影响既包括年际尺度的,也包括年代际尺度的,而对流层温度异常的影响主要体现在年代际尺度上。这两个因子通过影响夏季大气环流和季风水汽输送,从而影响中国夏季降水的趋势分布。基于这样的联系,本工作以中国夏季降水量原始场EOF分解前3个模态对应的时间系数为预测对象,以前期春季平均的对流层中上层温度距平REOF分解前4个模态对应的时间系数以及逐月NAO指数序列作为预报因子,并结合降水序列本身、对流层温度、NAO指数的多时间尺度分量建立了我国夏季降水的统计预测模型,取得了较好的预报效果。2004~2009年预报降水与观测降水之间的6年平均距平相关系数达到0.335,表明该预报方案对我国夏季降水具有较高的预报技巧。

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