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大气科学  2011 

北半球大气对春季北极海冰异常响应的数值模拟

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.05.05

Keywords: 海冰海冰密集度夏季降水敏感性试验控制试验瞬变过程波活动通量

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Abstract:

在CAM3.0模式中,通过设计一系列数值模拟试验来研究北半球大气环流对北极海冰密集度(SeaIceConcentration,简称SIC)强迫的响应。将海冰密集度EOF第二模态(EOF2)的时间系数回归到原场,并把这个空间异常场逐月的加到SIC春季气候态上,作为敏感性试验的外强迫。试验结果表明:在季节尺度上,大气环流由春季逐渐向夏季演变,春季SIC异常与春、夏季北半球大气环流、地表温度以及降水异常有显著关系,尤其是对春季中国东部降水负异常,夏季东北部、东南沿海降水正异常有很大贡献。在逐日和逐周时间尺度瞬态演变上,局地高、低层大气环流对海冰强迫的响应呈现斜压结构,两周之后大气由斜压结构逐渐转变为正压结构,强迫响应可以通过遥相关波列传播到北极以外地区,到了第6周大气的响应基本达到正压平衡状态。这种遥相关的产生与极区热通量异常所激发的波活动通量有关:北极SIC异常首先通过直接热力强迫过程来改变表层热通量空间分布,这种表面热通量异常通过与大气环流的相互作用可以激发出大尺度罗斯贝波。在初始斜压区的低层有波动能量向上传播,并在对流层中高层向南传播,最后通过直接热力强迫和大气内部动力学相互作用引发的遥相关过程将能量频散到东亚地区,进而影响东亚地区的天气和气候。

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