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大气科学  2011 

积云参数化方案对热带降水年循环模态模拟的影响

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.04.16

Keywords: 积云对流参数化,全球季风,降水年循环模态

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Abstract:

本文利用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)发展的大气环流模式(SAMIL),采用Zhang-McFarlane(ZM)和Tiedtke(TDK)两种积云对流参数化方案,讨论了积云对流参数化方案对热带降水年循环模态模拟的影响。结果表明,两种积云对流参数化方案均能合理再现热带降水年循环模态的基本分布特征。SAMIL两种对流方案中热带太平洋地区的春秋非对称模态偏差较大,印度季风以及北澳季风区季风模拟强度偏弱,西北太平洋季风以及非洲季风、美洲季风模态偏强。SAMIL两种参数化方案模拟的季风模态偏差主要来自于模式对北半球夏季西北太平洋降水的模拟。西北太平洋夏季,SAMIL两种参数化方案的对流层温度低层偏暖,高层偏冷,如此造成的对流不稳定是西北太平洋对流异常偏强,降水偏多的原因之一,同时模式中经向温度梯度模拟偏低,直接影响到东亚副热带西风急流偏弱,是急流出口区右侧的西北太平洋对流异常的动力条件。两种参数化方案的差异主要体现在ZM方案中的西北太平洋地区季风模态降水强于TDK方案,ZM方案低层比湿明显强于TDK方案与观测,是ZM方案夏季西北太平洋季风降水强于TDK方案与观测的重要因子之一。西北太平洋地区温度和湿度场的改进是SAMIL后续发展过程中需要重点解决的问题之一。

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