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大气科学  2011 

海气相互作用对“格美”台风发展的影响研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2011.03.06

Keywords: 海表温度,台风,中尺度海气耦合模式,热通量

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Abstract:

西北太平洋是全球唯一一年四季都有热带气旋生成的海域,同时,我国沿海紧临该海域,是受热带气旋影响最为严重的国家之一。本文通过建立海气耦合模式,以西北太平洋西边界流系源区为研究区域,通过对“格美”台风的数值模拟结果分析,研究海气相互作用对热带气旋发展的影响,对提高台风的数值模拟及预报水平有重要意义。研究表明:耦合作用引起的海表面温度(SST)降低减弱了台风强度,在模拟前期与实况台风强度更为吻合,在后期弱于实况,而台风移动路径受耦合作用的影响不大。台风移动速度及强度决定了SST降温幅度,降低幅度最大可达4℃以上,但SST对大气的响应具有一定的滞后性,SST下降区在台风移动方向上落后于高风速区。台风中心附近大风的抽吸及挟卷作用引起深层低温海水上涌使得SST降低,该冷尾过程至少持续54小时以上。SST的改变决定了热通量的输送,在SST不变的情况下,近地面层风速影响了热通量的分布。垂直上升对流的加强、减弱与台风强度息息相关,42小时之前不断加强的上升对流运动是台风达到最强的原因,此后下沉运动不断加强,导致台风强度减弱。耦合作用增加台风内部涡度的非对称性,但减弱了中心涡度向高层扩展趋势,这可能是耦合作用通过热力因子间接影响动力结构的途径。

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