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大气科学  2013 

未来气候变化对黄河和长江流域极端径流影响的预估研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.12023

Keywords: 气候变化,极端径流,黄河流域,长江流域

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Abstract:

使用NASA-NCAR全球环流模式FvGCM结果驱动高分辨率区域气候模式RegCM3(20km),进行1961~1990年当代气候模拟(控制试验)和2071~2100年IPCCA2排放情景下未来气候情景模拟(A2情景模拟试验)。将RegCM3同高分辨率大尺度汇流模型LRM(分辨率0.25°×0.25°)连接,分析水文极端事件在A2情景下相对于当代气候的变化,预估未来气候变化对我国黄河和长江流域水文极端事件的影响。结果表明:(1)未来黄河流域径流年变率增大,月变率减小,日变率在头道拐站以上流域减小,以下流域增大。未来兰州以上半湿润地区,流域东南部湿润区出现径流量峰值的可能性增大,而流域西北部干旱半干旱区出现径流量百分位极值的可能性减小。未来黄河流域中游地区发生流域洪水的风险在夏季月份减少,其余月份均增大。(2)未来长江干流径流年际变率增大,上中游地区径流日和月变率减小,下游地区略有增大;未来汉江流域径流量的年、月和日变率均增大。未来长江干流发生流域洪水的风险在夏季明显降低,而汉江流域各月发生流域洪水的可能性均增大。

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