全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
大气科学  2013 

黄土高原复杂地形受中尺度运动影响的稳定边界层湍流特征

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2012.12004

Keywords: 稳定边界层,涡动相关,中尺度运动,湍流谱

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站(Semi-AridClimateandEnvironmentObservatoryofLanzhouUniversity,简称SACOL)2008年12月观测资料,研究了稳定边界层湍流特征.使用涡动相关资料研究湍流通量时,定义湍流的平均时间τ内的中尺度运动是造成湍流统计量变化范围大的主要原因,稳定情形?τ取几十秒至几分钟.对梯度理查森数大于0.3的强稳定情形的湍流尺度分解(MRD)谱分析表明,感热通量在112.4~449.9s存在谱隙,尺度大于谱隙的中尺度运动造成了通量观测资料离散性大,甚至有支配性影响.动量通量的谱隙在112.4~224.9s之间.弱风时,中尺度运动的影响更大,垂直风速标准差以0.1的比率随中尺度风速变化;垂直风速标准差同广义风速表现出很好的相关性,并随着广义风速消失而消失.三维风速标准差与摩擦速度呈很好的线性关系,垂直、水平、横风风速的无量纲标准差分别为1.35、2.54、2.21.对湍流动能的研究发现,在梯度理查森数大于0.3的条件下,仍然存在连续的湍流.以湍动能为依据,分析了湍流的平稳时间长度,其长度随稳定度变化而变化,2008年12月7~11日从133.5s变化到856.2s,湍流平稳时间长度反映了中尺度运动的发生频率.

References

[1]  Acevedo O C, Mahrt L. 2010. Systematic vertical variation of mesoscale fluxes in the nocturnal boundary layer [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 135: 19-30.
[2]  Anfossi D, Oettl D, Degrazia G, et al. 2005. An analysis of sonic anemometer observations in low wind speed conditions [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 114: 179-203.
[3]  Anquetin A, Guilbaud C, Chollet J P. 1998. The formation and destruction of inversion layers within a deep valley [J]. J. Appl. Meteor., 37: 1547-1560.
[4]  Businger J A, Wyngaard J C, Izumi Y, et al. 1971. Flux-Profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer [J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 28: 181-189.
[5]  Brutsaert W. 1992. Stability correction functions for the mean wind speed and temperature in the unstable surface layer [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19: 469-472.
[6]  Coulter R L, Doran J C. 2002. Spatial and temporal occurrences of intermittent turbulence during CASES-99 [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 105: 329-349.
[7]  Cuxart J, Yagüe C, Morales G, et al. 2000. Stable atmospheric boundary layer experiment in Spain (SABLES, 98): A report [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 96: 337-370.
[8]  Finnigan J J, Clement R, Malhi Y, et al. 2003. A re-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques. Part I: Averaging and coordinate rotation [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 107: 1-48.
[9]  Florence B, Ben B, Michael T, et al. 2011. Comparing estimates of turbulence based on near-surface measurements in the nocturnal stable boundary layer [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 138: 43-60.
[10]  Grachev A A, Fairall C W, Persson P O G, et al. 2005. Stable boundary-layer scaling regimes: The Sheba data [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 116: 201-235.
[11]  Hanna S R. 1986. Spectra of concentration fluctuations: The two time scales of a meandering plume [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 20: 1131-1137.
[12]  Howell J F, Mahrt L. 1997. Multiresolution flux decomposition [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 83: 117-137.
[13]  Huang J P, Zhang W, Zuo J Q, et al. 2008. An overview of the semi-arid climate and environment research observatory over Loess Plateau [J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 25(6): 906-921.
[14]  Kader B A, Yaglom A M. 1990. Mean fields and fluctuation moments in unstably stratified turbulent boundary layers [J]. J. Fluid. Mech., 212: 637-662.
[15]  Kaimal J C, Finnigan J J. 1994. Atmospheric boundary layer flows: Their structure and measurement [M]. New York: Oxford University Press: 255-261.
[16]  Kustas W, Li F, Jackson J, et al. 2004. Effects of remote sensing pixel resolution on modeled energy flux variability of croplands in Iowa [J]. Remote Sens. Environ., 92: 535-547.
[17]  刘辉志, 冯健武, 邹捍, 等. 2007. 青藏高原珠峰绒布河谷地区近地层湍流输送特征 [J]. 高原气象, 26 (6): 1151-1161. Liu Huizhi, Feng Jianwu, Zou Han, et al. 2007. Turbulent characteristics of the surface layer in Rongbuk valley on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma [J]. Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese), 26 (6): 1151-1161.
[18]  Luhar A, Hurley P, Rayner K. 2009. Modelling near-surface low winds over land under stable conditions: Sensitivity tests, flux-gradient relationships, and stability parameters [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 130: 249-274.
[19]  Mahrt L. 2007. Weak-wind mesoscale meandering in the nocturnal boundary layer [J]. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 7: 331-347.
[20]  Mahrt L. 2010. Variability and maintenance of turbulence in the very stable boundary layer [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 135: 1-18.
[21]  Mahrt L, Thomas C K, Prueger J H. 2009. Space-time structure of mesoscale motions in the stable boundary layer [J]. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 135: 67-75.
[22]  Mahrt L, Sun J, Blumen W, et al. 1998. Nocturnal boundary-layer regimes [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 88: 255-278.
[23]  Merry M, Panofsky H A. 1976. Statistics of vertical motion over land and water [J]. Quart. J. Roy Meteor. Soc., 102: 255-260.
[24]  缪启龙, 温雅婷, 何清, 等. 2010. 沙漠腹地春夏季近地层大气湍流特征观测分析 [J]. 中国沙漠, 30 (1): 167-174. Miao Qilong, Wen Yating, He Qing, et al. 2010. Turbulence characteristics of surface layer over hinterland of Taklimakan Desert in spring and summer [J]. Journal of Desert Research (in Chinese), 30 (1): 167-174.
[25]  Nappo C J, Hiscox A L, Miller D R. 2010. A note on turbulence stationarity and wind persistence within the stable planetary boundary layer [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 136: 165-174.
[26]  Oncley S P, Foken T, Vogt R, et al. 2007. The energy balance experiment EBEX-2000. Part I: Overview and energy balance [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 123: 1-28.
[27]  Pahlow M, Parlange M B, Porté-agel F. 2001. On Monin-Obukhov similarity in the stable atmospheric boundary layer [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 99: 225-248.
[28]  Parlange M B, Katul G G. 1995. Watershed scale shear stress from tethersonde wind profile measurements under near neutral and unstable atmospheric stability [J]. Water Resour. Res., 1995, 31: 961-968.
[29]  钱敏伟, 李军. 1996. 夜间近地面稳定边界层湍流间歇与增温 [J]. 大 气科学, 20 (2): 250-254. Qian Minwei, Li Jun. 1996. Intermi- ttent turbulence and temperature burst in the nocturnal surface layer [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 20 (2): 250-254.
[30]  Schwarz P, Law B, Williams M, et al. 2004. Climatic versus biotic constraints on carbon and water fluxes in seasonally drought-affected ponderosa pine ecosystems [J]. Global Biochemical Cycles, 18: 1029-1037.
[31]  Serafimovich A, Thomas C, Foken T. 2011. Vertical and horizontal transport of energy and matter by coherent motions in a tall spruce canopy [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 140: 429-451.
[32]  Sorbjan Z. 1986. On similarity in the atmospheric boundary layer [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 34: 377-397.
[33]  Sorbjan Z, Andrey A G. 2010. An evaluation of the flux-gradient relationship in the stable boundary layer [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 135: 385-405.
[34]  Takeuchi K. 1961. On the structure of the turbulent field in the surface boundary layer [J]. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 39: 346-364.
[35]  Thomas C, Martin J G, Goeckede M, et al. 2008. Estimating daytime subcanopy respiration from conditional sampling methods applied to multi-scalar high frequency turbulence time series [J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 148: 1210-1229.
[36]  van de Wiel B J H, Moene A, Hartogenesis G, et al. 2003. Intermittent turbulence in the stable boundary layeor over land. Part III. A classification for observations during CASES-99 [J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 60: 2509-2522.
[37]  Vickers D, Mahrt L. 2006. A solution for flux contamination by mesoscale motions with very weak turbulence [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 118: 431-447.
[38]  Wang G Y, Huang J P, Guo W D, et al. 2010. Observation analysis of land-atmosphere interactions over the Loess Plateau of Northwest China [J]. J. Geophys. Res., 115: D00k17, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013372.
[39]  王介民, 王维真, 奥银焕, 等. 2007. 复杂条件下湍流通量的观测与分析 [J]. 地球科学进展, 22 (8): 791-797. Wang Jiemin, Wang Weizhen, Ao Yinhuan, et al. Turbulence flux measurements under complicated conditions [J]. Advances in Earth Science (in Chinese), 22 (8): 791-797.
[40]  Wen J, Wei Z G, Lü S H, et al. 2007. Autumn daily characteristics of land surface heat and water exchange over the Loess Plateau mesa in China [J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 24 (2): 301-310.
[41]  Wyngaard J C, Coté O R. 1971. The budgets of turbulent kinetic energy and temperature variance in the atmospheric surface layer [J]. J. Atmos. Sci., 28: 190-201.
[42]  Yagüe C, Viana S, Maqueda G, et al. 2006. Influence of stability on the flux-profile relationships for wind speed, ?m, and temperature, ?h , for the stable atmospheric boundary layer [J]. Nonlinear Processes Geophysics, 13: 185-203.
[43]  张宏升, 朱好, 彭艳, 等. 2007. 沙尘天气过程沙地下垫面沙尘通量的获取与分析研究 [J]. 气象学报, 65 (5): 744-752. Zhang Hongsheng, Zhu Hao, Peng Yan, et al. 2007. Experiment on dust flux during dust storm periods over sand desert area [J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 65 (5): 744-752.
[44]  张强, 李宏宇. 2010. 黄土高原地表能量不闭合度与垂直感热平流的关系 [J]. 物理学报, 59 (8): 5889-5896. Zhang Qiang, Li Hongyu. 2010. The relationship between surface energy balance unclosure and vertical sensible heat advection over the Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Physica Sinica (in Chinese), 59 (8): 5889-5896.
[45]  赵德山,洪钟祥. 1981.典型辐射逆温生消过程中的爆发性特征 [J].大气科学,5(4): 407-415. Zhao Deshan,Hong Zhongxiang. 1981. Some burst characteristics during the process of occurring and dissipating of typical radiation inversion [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese),5(4): 407-415.
[46]  Zilitinkevich S S, Elperin T, Kleeorin N, et al. 2007. Energy-and flux-budget (EFB) turbulence closure model for stably stratified flows. Part I: Steady-state, homogeneous regimes [J]. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 125: 167- 191. Zuo J Q, Huang J P, Wang J M, et al. 2009. Surface turbulent flux measurements over the Loess Plateau for a semi-arid climate change study [J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 26 (4): 679-691.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133