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大气科学  2014 

中国区域1961~2010年降水集中指数(PCI)的变化及月分配特征

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1401.13267

Keywords: 中国,降水集中指数(PCI),降水月分配,区域对比

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Abstract:

降水的年内变化(月分配和季节变化)对农作物生长、水资源利用及管理具有重要意义,同时也是增暖背景下水循环发生变化的关键过程之一。降水集中指数(PCI,PrecipitationConcentrationIndex)能较好的表征降水的年内集中程度,被广泛应用于相关研究。本文利用中国583个站点1961~2010年的逐月降水和气温观测资料,对中国及各典型区域的PCI进行了计算分析,研究了PCI的气候特征、变化趋势、降水月分配变化及PCI与气温季节较差的关系。结果表明,我国PCI的气候态呈现出由东南向西北逐渐递增的空间分布格局。湿润区PCI在11~17之间,年内降水较为均匀;半湿润区PCI为17~24;半干旱区PCI在24~27之间;而干旱区PCI则由27至47不等,降水集中程度较高。除华南地区外,1961~2010年间全国大部分地区PCI均呈现显著的下降趋势,并于1980年前后发生跃变,降水集中程度大幅降低,其中西北西部地区PCI下降速率最大,为-2.47(10a-1)。华南地区PCI的变化则具有明显的阶段性特征,2003年以前呈弱的下降趋势,但2003年PCI发生突变,降水集中程度大幅增加。对典型区域的比较发现,干旱半干旱区和青藏高原降水集中程度的降低主要表现在夏季降水占全年总降水量比例的减小;而湿润区PCI和降水月分配的变化则存在明显的区域性差异,其中西南地区8~12月降水占全年降水的比例减少,而长江中下游及华南地区春秋季降水占全年降水的比例减小,冬夏季降水所占比例增大。

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