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大气科学  2014 

华北水资源年代际变化及其与全球变暖之间的关联

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1401.13231

Keywords: 华北水资源,可利用降水,年代际变化,全球变暖

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Abstract:

本文利用1951~2011年期间中国台站资料、东亚地区的探空资料、NCEP/NCAR和ERA40等大气再分析资料,通过对水分平衡方程诊断探讨了华北地区过去60年中水资源和可利用降水量的变化特征及其与大尺度环流变化之间的关系。结果发现,华北地区69%的降水量被蒸发,可利用降水仅仅为降水量的31%。夏季可利用降水是华北水资源的主要来源,华北夏季可利用降水量在80年代初发生突变减少,进入21世纪初,伴随蒸发量的增加该地区可利用降水量进一步减少。西风带水汽与东亚夏季风水汽是华北可利用降水的主要来源。NCAR/NCEP和EAR40再分析资料的结果均显示贝加尔湖一带的位势高度偏低和西太平洋高压的偏强有利于该地区降水增多。利用探空资料进一步证明,蒙古以及贝加尔湖地区的温度在对流层低层变暖和位势高度场的加强导致了过去几十年华北可利用降水量减少。由于贝加尔湖地区温度变化与全球变暖存在密切关联,监测该地区温度的变化对预测华北水资源和东亚夏季风的长期变化具有重要的意义。

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