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大气科学  2014 

500hPa温度场时间序列的年代际突变过程统计特征

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1403.13106

Keywords: 气候突变,500,hPa,温度场,突变过程,持续时间,不稳定性

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Abstract:

本文利用Logistic模型,推导出描述均值突变的分段函数,用该函数对可能存在突变的时间序列进行拟合,并结合概率分布理论,确定突变幅度最大的时段即为发生突变的过程,由此确定并分析序列中突变的开始时刻、突变幅度、突变变率、突变持续时间、系统不稳定特性等参数。对全球500hPa温度场单点时间序列的突变持续过程展开研究:(1)对突变过程的开始时刻进行统计,发现1956~1959、1970~1979、1986~1994、1994~2004年开始的突变所占比重较大,几次突变过程中,平均来看除了1986~1994年开始的突变表现为降温,其余几次突变均表现为增温;并且每次突变时,增温幅度比较大的突变,其变率也较大;(2)从突变先后的空间分布上看,1956~1959、1970~1979年检测到发生突变的格点在海洋上空的突变偏早、欧亚大陆上空偏晚,而1986~1994和1994~2004年突变期间这一情况正好相反;(3)针对每次突变过程中的突变幅度,低纬度区域温度发生突变的变化幅度较小、高纬度区域较大;(4)对突变持续时间的检测结果表明,在全球增暖背景下,完成一次突变的持续时间正在逐渐变短;(5)当系统突变正在进行时,系统的不稳定性较强。

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