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大气科学  2014 

“7.21”暴雨过程动力因子分析和预报研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2013.12160

Keywords: 暴雨,动力因子,湿热力平流参数,波作用密度

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Abstract:

针对2012年7月21~22日发生在我国华北地区的暴雨过程,利用美国全球预报系统资料对湿热力平流参数、对流涡度矢量的垂直分量、热力波作用密度、热力位涡波作用密度、热力位势散度波作用密度和湿斜压涡度等动力因子进行计算和诊断分析,结果表明,该暴雨过程是由高、低空急流、高空槽、副热带高压、冷锋和辐合切变线等多个天气系统共同作用造成的。降水区具有垂直上升运动强烈,垂直热量输送明显,湿等熵面向下伸展和水平风垂直切变显著等动、热力学特征。湿热力平流参数等动力因子综合反映了上述动、热力垂直结构特征,因而与6小时观测降水的发展移动有一定相关性。全球预报系统48小时预报的动力因子高值区在走向和落区上与6小时观测降水区比较接近,代表动力因子对降水落区有一定的指示意义。利用全球预报系统的预报场资料对动力因子暴雨预报方程进行计算,结果表明,在降水中心位置预报方面,动力因子降水预报比全球预报系统本身的降水预报更接近观测实况。ETS(EquitableThreatScore)评分计算表明,对于降水的早期预报,动力因子降水预报评分略高于全球预报系统本身的降水预报评分,说明动力因子暴雨预报方程有一定的降水预报能力,可以应用到实际天气业务预报中。

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