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大气科学  2014 

正地闪和负地闪预击穿脉冲序列的统计分析与对比

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2013.12167

Keywords: 大兴安岭林区,地闪,预击穿脉冲,PB/RS,BIL模型

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Abstract:

2009~2010年夏季,在大兴安岭林区利用闪电快、慢电场变化测量仪组成的网络对自然闪电进行了多站同步观测。本文选取2010年夏季3次过境雷暴过程中具有4站以上同步的资料,同时对表现出明显预击穿过程的37次正地闪和56次负地闪的预击穿脉冲序列进行了统计分析。统计的主要参数包括:脉冲序列的总持续时间(TotalDuration),脉冲序列和首次回击之间的时间间隔(PB-RSSeparation),预击穿过程到首次回击的时间间隔(Pre-RSInterval),单个脉冲持续时间(IndividualPulseDuration),相邻脉冲时间间隔(InterpulseInterval)等。对于负地闪,相应参数的算术平均值为4.1ms、55.4ms、56.0ms、8.8μs和111.0μs,几何平均值为3.7ms、35.6ms、36.5ms、7.4μs和98.2μs;对于正地闪,相应参数的算术平均值为4.5ms、75.6ms、77.3ms、11.5μs和297.3μs,几何平均值为3.0ms、57.8ms、60.0ms、10.0μs和217.9μs。对比发现,正地闪预击穿脉冲序列相对负地闪预击穿脉冲序列持续时间更长,和首次回击的时间间隔更大,其单个脉冲更宽,在整个序列中排列更稀疏。计算了正、负地闪最大预击穿脉冲幅值和首次回击幅值的比值(PB/RS,PB代表最大预击穿脉冲幅值,RS代表首次回击幅值),通过和其他研究结果的对比,发现负地闪有PB/RS随纬度增大而增大的趋势,而正地闪没有。另外,检验了首次回击前地闪电场波形与BIL模型(BreakdownIntermediateLeader,BIL)的符合情况,发现只有很小比例的电场波形符合BIL模型。

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