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大气科学  2014 

冬季东亚副热带急流和温带急流协同变化与我国冷空气活动的关系

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2013.13110

Keywords: 温带急流,副热带急流,两支急流协同变化,冷空气活动

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Abstract:

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和地面台站气温观测资料,分析了冬季东亚副热带急流(EASJ)和东亚温带急流(EAPJ)强度变化特征及其与我国境内冷空气活动的关系。以(45°N~60°N,70°E~110°E)和(27.5°N~37.5°N,130°E~160°E)区域平均的300hPa全风速分别表征冬季EAPJ和EASJ的强度,将两支急流的强度变化分为四种情况:EAPJ和EASJ同强(SS)、同弱(WW)、以及强弱(SW)、弱强(WS)。分析四种急流强度变化情形下中国境内冷空气活动强度、路径、持续时间以及源地的不同特征,发现当EAPJ和EASJ均强时,冷空气从内蒙古中东部入侵,主要影响华北、东北和东部沿海地区,强度较弱,持续时间短,冷空气源地位于新地岛以东的洋面及陆地上;当EAPJ和EASJ均弱时,冷空气从新疆北部入侵,影响我国大部分地区,强度强,持续时间长,冷空气源地位于巴尔喀什湖西部;当EAPJ强,EASJ弱时,冷空气从我国东北入侵,主要影响我国东北部,中国南部降温不明显,冷空气强度较强,持续时间短,冷空气源地位于中、西西伯利亚地带;当EAPJ弱,EASJ强时,冷空气从内蒙古中部入侵,进而影响华北和我国东部地区,但冷空气强度较弱,冷空气源地位于贝加尔湖的西侧。进一步分析急流强度四种变化情形下的环流特征发现,EAPJ、EASJ均弱时,西伯利亚高压偏强,阿留申低压偏弱,东亚大槽偏深,中国东部的偏北风强,而EAPJ弱、EASJ强时,尽管西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压偏强,东亚大槽偏深,但中国东部的偏北风并不是很强,而另两种情况时,西伯利亚高压较弱,东亚大槽也较弱,中国东部的偏北风偏弱。

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