采用美国国家环境预测中心的CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)再分析资料和QuickSCAT(Quick Scatterometer)、AVHRR(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)、TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)高分辨率卫星资料,研究了大气对春季东海黑潮锋响应的气压调整机制及其年际变化。结果表明,春季东海黑潮锋位于黑潮暖舌的西北侧,呈西南-东北走向,与大尺度气压背景场的等压线走向一致,锋区东南侧暖水与西北侧冷水之间产生的局地气压梯度与大尺度气压梯度形成同向叠加,使得锋区附近西北指向东南的气压梯度达到最大,造成该处的海表面10 m矢量风速也最大,在摩擦作用下形成东北偏北风(NNE)。锋区与其东南侧的NNE风之间沿锋区走向(跨锋区走向)的分量差,会在暖舌附近产生气旋性切变涡度(风速辐合),由此产生上升运动和强降水;而在锋区西北侧的冷水区情况正好相反,有反气旋性切变涡度(风速辐散),并伴有下沉运动和弱降水,从而形成跨锋区的次级环流圈。东海黑潮锋区偏强(弱)年,锋区东南侧暖水与西北侧冷水之间的局地气压梯度也偏强(弱),与大尺度气压梯度同向叠加后形成偏强(弱)的NNE风,造成锋区东南侧暖舌附近的气旋性切变涡度、风速辐合、上升运动和降水均偏强(弱),而锋区西北侧冷水区的反气旋性切变涡度、风速辐散和下沉运动均偏强(弱),跨锋区次级环流圈偏强(弱),这表明在年际时间尺度上气压调整机制仍起作用
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