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大气科学  2015 

中国东部不同区域城市群下垫面变化气候效应的模拟研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1404.14157

Keywords: 中国东部 下垫面变化 城市化 夏季气候效应 数值模拟

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Abstract:

本文利用法国动力气象实验室发展的大气环流模式(LMDZ)对珠江三角洲(简称珠三角)、长江三角洲(简称长三角)和北京市、天津市、河北省区域(简称京津冀)城市群下垫面变化的东亚气候进行模拟试验, 以探讨不同区域城市群下垫面变化带来的夏季气候效应及其可能机制, 结果表明:珠三角、长三角和京津冀城市群下垫面类型改变后, 地表潜热蒸发显著减少, 为了平衡地面能量收支, 地面温度升高, 进而感热通量、地表有效长波辐射增强, 地表通过升温对能量进行再分配和再平衡, 且下垫面改变引起的温度、地表能量变化基本集中于城市群下垫面变化区域, 温度响应具有显著的局地性;对比不同区域城市化温度响应的强弱, 发现各区域地表气温变化和能量变化存在较好的对应关系, 长三角、珠三角城市群的总能量变化远高于京津冀城市群, 其局地增温也是京津冀城市群的一倍以上;局地温度增加, 虽有利于低层形成热低压, 出现明显上升运动, 但蒸发减弱使局地水汽明显减少, 最终导致降水减少, 表明水汽条件改变是降水减少的主要因素。同时由于中国东部高层呈现南正北负的异常变化, 西太平洋副高加强西伸, 使降水减少区域并没有集中在局地, 特别是东部城市带试验中, 出现了东部地区大范围的降水偏少

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