Gill, A. E., Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 1980, 106, 447～462.
[2]
Jin,F.-F.,J. D. Neeling, and M. Ghil, El Nio on the deve\'ls staircase: Annual subharmonic steps to chaos, Science, 1994, 264, 70～72.
[3]
Tziperman, E., L. Stone, M. A. Cane, and H. Tarosh, El Nio chaos: Overlaping of resonances between the seasonal cycle and the Pacific ocean-atmosphere oscillator, Science, 1994, 264, 72～74.
[4]
Tziperman, E., M. A. Cane, and S. E. Zebiak, Irregularity and locking to the seasonal cycle in a ENSO-prediction model as explained by the quasi-periodicity route to chaos, J. Atmos. Sci., 1995, 52, 293～306.
[5]
Chang,P., L. Ji, B. Wang, and T. Li, On the interactions between the seasonal cycle and El Ni-oscillation in an intermediate couple ocean-atmosphere mode, J. Atmos. Sci., 1995, 52, 2353～2372.
[6]
Tziperman, E., S. E. Zebiak, and M.A.Cane, Mechanisms of seasonal-ENSO interaction, J. Atmos. Sci., 1997, 9, 61～71.
[7]
Goswami, B. N., and J. Shukla, A periodic variability in the Cane-Zebiak model: A diagnostic study, J. Climate, 1993, 6, 628～638.
[8]
Mantua, N. J., and D. S. Battisti, A periodic variability in the Cane-Zebiak coupled ocean-atmosphere model: ocean-atmosphere interactions in the western equatorial pacific, J. Climate, 1995, 8, 2897～2927.
[9]
Jin, F.-F., An equatorial ocean recharge paradigm for ENSO Part I. Conceptual model, J. Atmos. Sci., 1997, 54, 811～829.
[10]
巢纪平,厄尔尼诺和南方涛动动力学,北京:气象出版社,1993,26.
[11]
Bierkness, J.,Atmospheric teleconections from the equatorial Pacific,Mon.Wea.Rev.,1969,97,163～172.
[12]
Philander, S. G. H., T. Yamagata, and R. C. Pacanowski, Unstable air-sea interactions in the tropics,J. Atmos. Sci.,1984, 41, 604～613.
[13]
Hirst, A.C., Unstable and damped equatorial models in simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models, J. Atmos. Sci., 1986, 43, 606～630.
Suarez, M. J., and P. S. Schopf, A delayed oscillator for ENSO, J. Atmos. Sci., 1988, 45, 3283～3287.
[19]
Schopf, P. S., and M. J. Suarez, Vacillations in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, J. Atmos. Sci., 1989, 45, 549～566.
[20]
Battisti, D., and A. C. Hirst, Interannual varibility in a tropical atmosphere-ocean model: Influence of the basic state, Ocean geometry and nonlinearity, J. Atmos. Sci., 1989, 46, 1687～1712.
[21]
Picaut, J., F. Masia, and Y. du Penhoat, An advective reflective conceptual model for the oscillatory nature of the ENSO, Science, 1997, 277, 663～666.
[22]
Jin, F.-F., and S.-I. An, Thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks within the equatorial ocean recharge oscillator model for ENSO, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1999, 26, 2989～2992.
[23]
An, S.-I., F.-F. Jin, and I.-S. Kang, The role of zonal advaction feedback in phase transition and growth of ENSO in Cane-Zebiak model, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 1999, 77, 1151～1160.
[24]
Li, T., Phase transition of the El Nio Southern Oscillation: A stationary SST mode, J. Atmos. Sci., 1997, 54, 2872～2887.
[25]
Zebiak,S. E.,and M. A. Cane, A mode El Nio / Southern Oscillation, Mon. Wea. Rev., 1987, 115, 2262～2278.
[26]
Battissti, D. S., Dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in a couple tropical atmosphere-ocean model, J. Atmos. Sci., 1988, 45, 2889～2919.
