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大气科学  2006 

一次北方台风暴雨(9406)能量特征分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.04.10

Keywords: 热带气旋,北方暴雨,能量分析

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Abstract:

从能量角度分析了9406号台风在我国北方造成大范围暴雨过程,定量讨论了台风变性过程中显热能、潜热能和动能的时空分布特征、北方暴雨区远距离降水突然增幅过程中能量的变化、以及动能的补充来源.发现:(1)虽然潜热能比显热能小1个量级,但潜热能平流大于显热能平流.热带气旋在获得西风带斜压能量之前,其总能量的维持主要来自潜热能的贡献,潜热能的贡献约是显热能的两倍.(2)台风远距离降水的突然增幅是中低纬度系统相互作用的结果.来自热带气旋的显热能平流与西风带显热能平流非线性叠加,导致槽前显热能明显增加,西风带槽迅速加深,降水突然增幅.同时,暴雨区高空动能下传的突然增强对暴雨突然增幅有贡献,而该高空动能下传的增加与6小时之前台风环流区大量潜热能量释放相对应.(3)台风进入影响区之前,在整个对流层有潜热能、显热能和动能直接从台风区输入暴雨区;在台风进入影响区之后,只有低空显热能平流保持继续向暴雨区输送能量.(4)台风进入影响区之后,北方暴雨区动能的补充主要来自对流层上层动能的下传、斜压不稳定能量向动能的转化和北方暴雨区西边界动能的输入.5个类似台风的合成分析支持了以上主要结论.得出的暴雨增幅模型可对预报台风远距离降水有指示作用.

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