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大气科学  2006 

中国东部地区大城市和小城镇极端温度及日较差变化对比分析

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.01.07

Keywords: 大城市,小城镇,极端值,相对极端值,趋势

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Abstract:

利用中国东部地区1961~2000年61个大城市站点和169个小城镇站点的逐日最高、最低温度资料,对比分析了大城市和小城镇的最高、最低温度和日较差极端值以及相对极端值变化特征.结果表明:大城市最高、最低温度的极端值均高于小城镇.二者最高温度的极端最大值在90年代后显著升高,极端最小值40年来均显著增加;二者最低温度的极端值也随时间明显升高.在所分析时段,大城市和小城镇暖日和暖夜天数均显示出增多趋势;二者冷日和冷夜天数均呈现下降趋势.就总体而言,大城市暖日、暖夜、冷日、冷夜天数均多于小城镇.大城市日较差的极端值均比小城镇小,并且二者均有显著的下降趋势;大城市和小城镇相对较长日较差(日较差超过第95个百分位数)出现的天数显著下降,但相对较短日较差(日较差低于第5个百分位数)出现的天数明显上升.

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